Adiabatic small polaron hopping conduction in nanostructured Bi2O3–Fe2O3–PbTiO3 prepared by high energy planetary ball mill

Abstract Nanostructured 0.52 Bi 2 O 3 –0.18 Fe –0.30 PbTiO (BFPT) mol% sample was prepared via a high-energy planetary ball mill. To obtain nanostructured materials, the mixture mechanically milled for 1, 2, 5, and 25 h. The heat treating process applied to BFPT at 673, 873, 1073 K 5 amorphous natures of as-milled crystallized formed phases treated samples are examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. HRTEM XRD were used confirm nature nanocrystallization samples, respectively. effect heat-treatment temperature on their dc electrical conductivity (σ), density (ρ), oxygen molar volume (V m ) studied. results thermoelectric power indicate p-type semiconducting behavior samples. high (above θ D /2) dependent explicated by small polaron hopping (SPH) model. While Greaves’ variable range (VRH) model studied intermediate temperatures. physical parameters determined from best fits these models thought be reasonable consistent with carrier mobility found dominant factor determining in electronic transport between ions primarily responsible conduction, which shown obey adiabatic SPH.